Tense
|
Affirmative/Negative/Question
|
Use
|
Signal Words
|
Simple Present
|
A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak. Q: Does he speak? |
§ action in the present taking place once, never
§ or several times:
§
§ action set by a timetable or schedule
| |
Present Progressive
|
A: He is speaking.
N: He is not speaking. Q: Is he speaking? |
§ action taking place
§ speaking
§ action taking place only for a
§ time action arranged for the future
| |
Simple Past
|
A: He spoke.
N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak? |
§ action in the past taking place once, never or
§ several times
§ actions taking place one after another
§ action taking place in the middle of another
§ action
| |
Past Progressive
|
A: He was speaking.
N: He was not speaking. Q: Was he speaking? |
§ action going on at a certain time in the past
§ actions taking place at the same time
§ action in the past that is interrupted by another
§ action
| |
Present Perfect Simple
|
A: He has spoken.
N: He has not spoken. Q: Has he spoken? |
§ putting emphasis on the result
§ action that is still going on
§ action that stopped recently
§ finished action that has an influence on the present
§ action that has taken place once, never or
§ several times before the moment of speaking
| |
Present Perfect Progressive
|
A: He has been speaking.
N: He Q: Has he been speaking? |
§ putting emphasis on the course or duration
§ (not the result)
§ action that recently stopped or is still going on
§ finished action that influenced the present
| |
Past Perfect Simple
|
A: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken. Q: Had he spoken? |
§ action taking place before a certain time in the
§
§ perfect progressive
§ putting emphasis only on the fact (not the
§ duration)
| |
Past Perfect Progressive
|
A: He had been speaking.
N: He had not been speaking. Q: Had he been speaking? |
§ action taking place before a certain time in the
§
§ perfect simple
§ putting emphasis on the duration or course of
§ an action
| |
Future I Simple
|
A: He will speak.
N: He will not speak. Q: Will he speak? |
§ action in the future that cannot be influenced
§ spontaneous decision
§ assumption with regard to the future
|
In a year, next
If- (If you ask her, she will help you.) |
Future I Simple
(
|
A: He is going to speak.
N: He is not going to speak. Q: Is he going to speak? |
§ decision made for the future
§ conclusion with regard to the future
| |
Future I Progressive
|
A: He will be speaking.
N: He will not be speaking. Q: Will he be speaking? |
§ action that is going on at a certain time in the
§ future
§ action that
| |
Future II Simple
|
A: He will have spoken.
N: He will not have spoken. Q: Will he |
§ action that will be finished at a
§ the future
| |
Future II Progressive
|
A: He will have been speaking.
N: He will not have been Q: Will he |
§ action taking place before a certain time in the
§ future
§ putting emphasis on the course of an action
| |
Conditional I Simple
|
A: He would speak.
N: He would not speak. Q: Would he speak? |
§ action that might take place
|
If sentences type II
(If I were you, I would go home.) |
Conditional I Progressive
|
A: He would be speaking.
N: He would not be speaking. Q: Would he be speaking? |
§ action that might take place
§ putting emphasis on the course/duration of
§ the action
| |
Conditional II Simple
|
A: He would have spoken.
N: He would not have spoken. Q: Would he have spoken? |
§ action that might have taken place in the past
|
If sentences type III
(If I had seen that, I would have helped.) |
Conditional II Progressive
|
A: He would have been speaking.
N: He would not have been speaking. Q: Would he |
§ action that might have taken place in the past
§ puts emphasis on the course/duration of the
§ action
|
Sunday, June 2, 2019
English Tenses
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